Evaluating Rice Varieties for Suitability in a Rice–Fish Co-Culture System Based on Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield

Rice–fish co-cultures have been practiced for over 2000 years, and they tremendous potential in terms of increasing food security economic benefits. However, little research has conducted into achieving stable yields high lodging resistance with regard to rice while simultaneously promoting the harmonious healthy growth fish rice–fish co-culture paddy fields. We a field study aimed at selecting suitable varieties systems (encompassing both ratoon main crop). This selection process was grounded an evaluation grain yield among 33 used throughout studied region. The results revealed range indices crop second internode, spanning from 62.43 138.75, annual (main crop) ranged 7.17 13.10 t ha−1 within systems. found that use farming could improve milling quality, nutrient appearance quality rice, though improvement gained through co-culturing varied across varieties. Moreover, index three basal internodes plants significantly positively correlated plant height culm fresh weight, but it negatively bending strength internodes. Additionally, tested were clustered accordance their (i.e., 62.43–75.42; medium 80.57–104.62; low 113.02–138.75) according hierarchical cluster analysis. also 11.17–13.10 ha−1; 10.15–10.83 7.16–9.88 ha−1). In all, 11 identified by comprehensive as production system. These displayed favorable traits, including yield, strong resistance, good quality. is first systematically evaluate based on